Trace Level Analysis of Aqueous Samples by Dynamic Headspace

Static Headspace analysis [1] is the most common sample introduction technique for volatile analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC). It works by analysing the vapour above the sample at equilibrium.  However, for detection of trace level analytes, this may not be the most suitable method and some form of enrichment may be necessary. For certain analytes, over a 100 fold increase in sensitivity can be achieved with Dynamic Headspace (DHS) analysis when compared to Static Headspace analysis.  This article compares DHS with other sample enrichment techniques such as Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME), and Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) using Twister stir bars.